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The Reign Of George II (1727 – 1760)

George II succeeded his father, George I on his death in 1727. The accession of George II excited Walpole’s opponents who hoped that this may lead to his replacement. Walpole had acquired many enemies due to his power and his policies. The new King was not enamoured with Walpole but his wife Queen Caroline persuaded her husband to retain him in government.

Early into the reign of George II John Wesley began preaching in England. This led to the subsequent establishment of Wesleyan societies, and Methodist churches, a deterrent against the social unrest and political change that was sweeping the country.

Sapin became increasingly angry over the expansion of British trade and complained repeatedly over what they saw as Britain’s semi-piratical exploits. In 1731 Captain Jenkins, who had been carrying out illegal trade in the Spanish colonies reversed the charge, claiming to have had his ear cut off by Spaniards at sea. By 1739 Britain was at war with Spain. Conflict spread and soon Britain, Hanover and Austria were lined up against Spain and France. Walpole resigned, unable to cope with a conflict of this magnitude.

In 1745 Charles Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie) landed in Scotland and marched to England intending to take the throne. Instead of the support he was expecting, he met apathy and retreated back to Scotland. Bonnie Prince Charlie escaped after the battle of Culloden Moor, near Inverness and retreated to the Isle of Skye and then France where he lived until his death.

In 1753 the British Museum was founded, originally located in Montagu House, purchased with money raised from a public lottery. By the mid nineteenth century the collection had outgrown Montagu House and it was pulled down and replaced by the current museum building. The collection was initially donated by Sir Hans Sloane and Sir Robert Cotton. They added their private collections to the library of the Earls of Oxford and the Royal libraries of Henry VII.

The Seven Years War with France (1755 – 63) saw England being victorious in many countries, gaining territories in Canada, Florida, Grenada, Present day united States and Senegal.

The East India Company established trading ports in Calcutta and Madras. Once established they fought with the French to gain trade supremacy in India. Under “Clive of India,” Robert Clive, the English defeated the combined forces of a French/Indian force at Plassey and the East India company won a trade monopoly.

George II died in 1760 and was succeeded by his grandson, George III