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The Growth And Development Of Art Nouveau

Art Nouveau developed out of the Arts and Crafts movement in Britain founded in 1861 by William Morris. William Morris rejected the idea of mass production and instead encouraged the Victorians to return to furniture and goods made by skilled artisans and craftsmen instead. Influences were as diverse as Celtic patterns, Gothic Curves, pre-Raphaelite painting and symbolism, Walter Crane’s illustrations, William Blake’s mysticism and Japanese art.

Art Nouveau grew as it was adopted by London stores such as Liberty and Co and Heals who both sold designs by Art Nouveau artists.

On the continent, Art Nouveau first appeared in Belgium in the work of a Belgian architect named Victor Horta. In France the style flourished in the designs of

Hector Guimard, an architect,
Emile Galle, a glassmaker
Louis Majorelle, a furniture designer
Rene Lalique, a jeweller
Alphonse Mucha, a poster designer

Over in Germany, the work of Hoffmann and Klimt were prolific. In Scotland Rennie Macintosh led the Glasgow School and in Spain Gaudi designed many buildings in an Art Nouveau style. Louis Comfort Tiffany in the US produced glassware including vases and lampshades that were exported extensively to Europe during the 1890’s

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